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Torso

Torso

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Anatomical Measurements and Data

  • Average Length: A standard torso length is typically between 57" and 75" for clothing, with measurements under this considered petite and over, long.
  • Body Shape Classification: Frequently categorized using waist-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-chest ratio (WCR).
  • Symmetry Parameters: Measured through shoulder, axillary, and waist height differences (ShDiffHt, AxDiffHt, WaistDiffHt). 

Educational Torso Model Specifications (Example: 85cm Model)High-end anatomical models used for medical education typically include the following, according to: [1]

  • Structure: 23+ parts (including torso, head, brain, heart, lungs, liver, stomach, intestines).
  • Material: Durable PVC Plastic.
  • Interchangeable Genitalia: Included for unisex models.
  • Special Features: Exposed spinal column, removable vertebrae, and spinal cord segments. 
Component Key Anatomical StructuresPrimary Functions
Thorax (Chest)Rib cage, sternum, thoracic vertebrae, heart, lungsProtects heart and lungs; facilitates breathing.
AbdomenStomach, liver, intestines, kidneys, gallbladderDigestion, nutrient extraction, waste processing.
PelvisPelvic girdle, bladder, reproductive organsProtects reproductive organs and bladder.
SpineThoracic & Lumbar vertebrae, spinal cordStructural support; spinal cord houses nerves.
MusculaturePectoral, abdominal, lateral, epaxial musclesProvides movement, stabilization, and protection.
Feature Average Measurement (Approx.)Note
Torso Length\(57 \text{--} 75 \text{ cm}\) (overall)Varies by height.
Women's Length\(42 \text{--} 48 \text{ cm}\) (16.5"–19")\(16"\) is considered average.
Men's Length\(46 \text{--} 52 \text{ cm}\) (18"–20.5")\(18"\) is considered average.
WidthVaries (e.g., \(36 \text{--} 38 \text{ cm}\) for mannequins)Varies based on build.
CircumferenceVaries (Chest, Waist, Hip)Highest variability.


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Component/Feature         Specification
Size/Scale Diameter6 inches (150 mm) or 7 inches (175 mm/178 mm)
Vernier Reading1 minute of arc (30 seconds also common)
Main Scale0-360° with divisions of (0.5  circ ) (150 mm or 175 mm circle)
Vernier ScaleDouble ended vernier separated by (180 circ )
Collimator LensAchromatic, 178 mm focus, 32 mm clear aperture
Telescope LensAchromatic, 178 mm focus, 32 mm clear aperture
EyepieceRamsden Type ((10 times ) or (15 times ) with cross-line graticule
SlitUnilaterally adjustable, 6mm long
Fine AdjustmentProvided for both telescope and collimator (laterally and vertically)
Prism TableMarked with lines; leveling screws & interchangeable clamp
Main StructureHeavy cast metal with bright plated fittings (sometimes stainless steel scale)
AccessoriesPrism holder, Grating holder, Watchmaker’s eyeglass, L-key, Hardwood case



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