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Teeth With Jaw

Teeth With Jaw

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Specifications of Human Jaw Structure

  • Total Teeth: 32 (including 4 third molars/wisdom teeth).
  • Dental Arches: Crescentic formation of 16 upper (maxillary) teeth and 16 lower (mandibular) teeth.
  • Attachment: Teeth are secured in bony sockets called alveoli via a fibrous joint (dentoalveolar syndesmosis) and the periodontal ligament.
  • Visible Part: The Crown (covered in enamel).
  • Embedded Part: The Root (covered in cementum).
  • Jaw Muscles: The mandible (lower jaw) is moved by the masseter and temporalis muscles, crucial for mastication.

Primary vs. Permanent Teeth Specifications

  • Permanent Dentition: 32 teeth (including premolars and third molars).
  • Deciduous Dentition (Primary): 20 teeth. Children lack premolars and third molars.

Tooth Anatomy Description

  • Enamel: Hardest outer layer of the crown.
  • Dentin: Beneath the enamel, forming the core.
  • Pulp: Central chamber containing nerves and blood vessels.
  • Gingiva: The gums that cover the bony alveolar processes.
Tooth TypeQuantity (Total)Quantity per JawFunctionAppearance
Incisors84 (2 central, 2 lateral)Cutting, bitingSharp-edged, chisel-shaped
Canines42 (1 on each side)Tearing, rippingPointed, sharp (cuspids)
Premolars84 (2 on each side)Tearing, crushingFlat with ridges (bicuspids)
Molars126 (3 on each side)Grinding, chewingLarge, flat surface with cusps


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Component/Feature         Specification
Size/Scale Diameter6 inches (150 mm) or 7 inches (175 mm/178 mm)
Vernier Reading1 minute of arc (30 seconds also common)
Main Scale0-360° with divisions of (0.5  circ ) (150 mm or 175 mm circle)
Vernier ScaleDouble ended vernier separated by (180 circ )
Collimator LensAchromatic, 178 mm focus, 32 mm clear aperture
Telescope LensAchromatic, 178 mm focus, 32 mm clear aperture
EyepieceRamsden Type ((10 times ) or (15 times ) with cross-line graticule
SlitUnilaterally adjustable, 6mm long
Fine AdjustmentProvided for both telescope and collimator (laterally and vertically)
Prism TableMarked with lines; leveling screws & interchangeable clamp
Main StructureHeavy cast metal with bright plated fittings (sometimes stainless steel scale)
AccessoriesPrism holder, Grating holder, Watchmaker’s eyeglass, L-key, Hardwood case



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